Entre “ignorance politique”, ingérence et contrôle de l’État : quelles politiques publiques pour la filière girofle à Madagascar, aux Comores et à Zanzibar

Abstract

Clove has two commercial products: the clove bud and the essential oil. In Madagascar, clove and vanilla are first or second agricultural export product depending on price. It is the same in the Comores where clove and ylang-ylang essential oil occupy the first places in the country's exports. Tanzania is in the top 3 of the world's clove exporters. Incomes from cloves make a very significant contribution to food security in the production areas of the three countries: on the northeast coast of Madagascar (bud and essential oil), in the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli in Comoros (only bud), and in the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar in Tanzania that produce mainly bud and a little bit some essential oil. The aim of this paper is to analyze the structure and functioning of the clove industry in highly differentiated public policy contexts according to the three neighboring, competing and
meantime complementary countries, since they fuel global demand, which mainly involves the Indonesian market which absorbs most of the Malagasy and Comorian exports.